🚀 Step-by-Step Guide for Setting Up Your Debian Server

1. Install sudo Command

1. Switch to root user:

   su -
   

2. Install sudo:

   apt-get install sudo
   

3. Add user to sudo groups:

   usermod -aG sudo username
   

4. Check user groups:

   id username
   

5. Logout and login SSH again.

2. 🐋 Install Docker & Portainer 2.0 on Debian-Based Distros

1. Install Docker:

   sudo apt install docker.io
   sudo systemctl start docker
   

2. Download and run Portainer 2.0:

   sudo docker pull portainer/portainer-ce
   sudo docker run --restart=always --name=portainer -d -p 9000:9000 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock portainer/portainer-ce
   

3. Access Portainer at http://[WORKSTATION_IP_ADDRESS]:9000 and create a username and password.

4. Give user permission for Docker:

   sudo groupadd docker
   sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
   logout & login ssh
   

3. 📦 Install Docker Compose v2

1. Create the directory for Docker CLI plugins:

   sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins
   

2. Download Docker Compose v2:

   • For x86 device:

     sudo curl -SL https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.12.2/docker-compose-linux-x86_64 -o /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
     

   • For ARM device:

     sudo curl -SL https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.12.2/docker-compose-linux-aarch64 -o /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
     

3. Make it executable:

   sudo chmod +x /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
   

4. Verify installation:

   docker compose version
   

4. 👤 Add a New User and Assign to sudo and docker Groups

1. Add a new user:

   sudo adduser new_username
   

   Follow the prompts to set the user’s password and other details.

2. Add the user to the sudo group:

   sudo usermod -aG sudo new_username
   

3. Add the user to the docker group:

   sudo usermod -aG docker new_username
   

4. Check user groups to confirm:

   id new_username
   

5. 💾 Mount Hard Disk in Armbian

1. Check hard disk:

   lsblk
   sudo blkid
   

2. Mount hard disk:

   sudo mkdir /mnt/wd
   sudo chown -hR $(whoami):$(whoami) /mnt/wd
   

3. Edit /etc/fstab to auto-mount on boot:

   sudo blkid
   sudo nano /etc/fstab
   

   Add:

   UUID="ID From blkid" /mnt/wd ext4 rw,user,auto 0 0
   

4. Reboot:

   sudo reboot
   

6. 🗂️ Set up Samba Shares

1. Install Samba:

   sudo apt-get install samba samba-common-bin
   

2. Edit Samba configuration:

   sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
   

   Add:

   [mynas]
   comment = Samba on My NAS
   path = /mnt/wd
   read only = no
   browsable = yes
   

3. Create shared directory:

   sudo mkdir -p /mnt/wd
   sudo chown nobody:nogroup /mnt/wd
   sudo chmod 0775 /mnt/wd
   

4. Add Samba user:

   sudo smbpasswd -a $(whoami)
   sudo smbpasswd -a anotheruser
   

5. Restart Samba:

   sudo service smbd restart
   

6. Connect to the share:

   • From Windows: \\IP address of NAS
   • From Linux: smb://IP address of NAS

7. If you are unable to access from Windows, try rebooting your Windows machine and test again.

8. Verify Samba status:

   sudo systemctl status smbd
   

9. Troubleshooting:

   • Ensure firewall allows SMB traffic.
   • Verify SELinux or AppArmor settings.
   • Check user permissions and passwords.
   • Look at logs in /var/log/samba/.

7. 🌐 View Linux Machines from a Windows 10 Network

1. Install WSD on Ubuntu:

   cd /tmp
   wget https://github.com/christgau/wsdd/archive/master.zip
   unzip master.zip
   sudo mv wsdd-master/src/wsdd.py wsdd-master/src/wsdd
   sudo cp wsdd-master/src/wsdd /usr/bin
   sudo cp wsdd-master/etc/systemd/wsdd.service /etc/systemd/system
   sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/wsdd.service
   

   Comment out:

   ; User=nobody
   ; Group=nobody
   

2. Reload daemon and start WSDD:

   sudo systemctl daemon-reload
   sudo systemctl start wsdd
   sudo systemctl enable wsdd
   

3. Check service status:

   sudo service wsdd status
   

4. Reboot Windows and Ubuntu machines if necessary.

8. ❌ Disable ZRAM (Optional)

1. Edit configuration:

   sudo vim /etc/default/armbian-zram-config
   

   Uncomment:

   SWAP=false
   

2. Reboot:

   sudo reboot
   

Add New Raid to system Debian

1. Install mdadm

   First, you’ll need to install the mdadm package if it’s not already installed.

   sudo apt update
   sudo apt install mdadm
   

2. Identify the Disks

   Identify the disks you want to use for the RAID array. You can use lsblk or fdisk -l to list all available disks.

   lsblk

   Make a note of the device names (e.g., /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, etc.).

3. Create the RAID Array

   Use mdadm to create the RAID array. The following example creates a RAID 1 array (mirroring) with two disks:

   sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
   

   • /dev/md0 is the RAID device name.
   • –level=1 specifies the RAID level (RAID 1 in this case).
   • –raid-devices=2 specifies the number of devices in the array.
   • /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc are the disks to be used in the RAID array.

4. Create a Filesystem

   Once the RAID array is created, you need to create a filesystem on it. For example, to create an ext4 filesystem:

   sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0

5. Mount the RAID Array

   Create a mount point and mount the RAID array:

   sudo mkdir -p /mnt/raid sudo mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid

6. Update /etc/fstab

   To ensure the RAID array is mounted automatically at boot, add an entry to /etc/fstab. First, get the UUID of the RAID array:

   sudo blkid /dev/md0

   Add the following line to /etc/fstab, replacing UUID= with the actual UUID:

   UUID=<your-uuid> /mnt/raid ext4 defaults 0 0

7. Verify the RAID Array

   You can check the status of the RAID array using:

   sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0
   

10. ⚙️ Mount RAID 0 on Debian

1. Install mdadm:

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install mdadm
   

2. Assemble RAID array:

   sudo mdadm --assemble --scan
   

3. Verify RAID array:

   cat /proc/mdstat
   

4. Mount RAID array:

   sudo mkdir -p /mnt/raid0
   sudo mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid0
   

5. Verify mount:

   df -h
   lsblk
   

6. Auto-mount on boot:

   sudo blkid /dev/md0
   sudo nano /etc/fstab
   

   Add:

   UUID=your-raid-uuid /mnt/raid0 ext4 defaults 0 0
   

   Replace your-raid-uuid with UUID from blkid command.

🎉 Your server is now set up and ready to use! Enjoy!